Nokia at the time also made respirators for both civilian and military use, from the 1930s well into the early 1990s. The rubber company grew rapidly when it moved to the Nokia region in the 1930s to take advantage of the electricity supply, and the cable company soon did too. In 1922, in a now independent Finland, Nokia Ab entered into a partnership with Finnish Rubber Works and Kaapelitehdas ( the Cable Factory), all now jointly under the leadership of Polón. In 1904 Suomen Gummitehdas ( Finnish Rubber Works), a rubber business founded by Eduard Polón, established a factory near the town of Nokia and used its name. Idestam retired in 1896, making Mechelin the company's chairman he expanded into electricity generation by 1902, which Idestam had opposed. In 1871, Idestam, together with a friend Leo Mechelin, formed a shared company and called it Nokia Ab (in Swedish, Nokia Company being the English equivalent), after the site of the second pulp mill. A second pulp mill was opened in 1868 near the neighboring town of Nokia, where there were better hydropower resources. Nokia's history dates from 1865, when Finnish-Swede mining engineer Fredrik Idestam established a pulp mill on the shores of the Tammerkoski rapids near the town of Tampere, Finland (then in the Russian Empire). Rolls of toilet paper produced by Nokia in the 1960s, Vapriikki Museum Centre, Tampere At its peak in 2000, during the telecoms bubble, Nokia accounted for 4% of the country's GDP, 21% of total exports, and 70% of the Helsinki Stock Exchange market capital. The company was viewed with national pride by Finns, as its mobile phone business made it by far the largest worldwide company and brand from Finland. As of 2018, Nokia is the world's third-largest network equipment manufacturer. Nokia continues to be a major patent licensor for most large mobile phone vendors.
The Nokia brand returned to the mobile and smartphone market in 2016 through a licensing arrangement with HMD Global. The company then also experimented with virtual reality and digital health, the latter through the purchase of Withings. After the sale, Nokia began to focus more on its telecommunications infrastructure business and on Internet of things technologies, marked by the divestiture of its Here mapping division and the acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent, including its Bell Labs research organization.
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In the later 2000s, however, Nokia suffered from a series of poor management decisions, and soon saw its share of the mobile phone market drop sharply.Īfter a partnership with Microsoft and Nokia's subsequent market struggles, Microsoft bought its mobile phone business, creating Microsoft Mobile as its successor in 2014. For a decade beginning in 1998, Nokia was the largest worldwide vendor of mobile phones and smartphones. Nokia made significant contributions to the mobile telephony industry, assisting in the development of the GSM, 3G, and LTE standards.
It was founded as a pulp mill and had long been associated with rubber and cables, but since the 1990s has focused on large-scale telecommunications infrastructure, technology development, and licensing. The company has operated in various industries over the past 150 years. It is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. It is the world's 415th-largest company measured by 2016 revenues according to the Fortune Global 500, having peaked at 85th place in 2009. Nokia is a public limited company listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange. In 2020, Nokia employed approximately 92,000 people across over 100 countries, did business in more than 130 countries, and reported annual revenues of around €23 billion. Nokia's main headquarters are in Espoo, Finland, in the greater Helsinki metropolitan area, but the company's actual roots are in the Tampere region of Pirkanmaa.
Nokia Corporation (natively Nokia Oyj, referred to as Nokia stylized as NOKIA) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics company, founded in 1865.
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